Water Isues Between Turkey Syria and Iraq
I. THE WATER PROBLEM IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Foreword
A. The General Situation
B. Turkey's Position Relating to the Water Resources
C. Water Disputes in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin
· The Euphrates River
· The Tigris River
· Another Issue of Dispute: The Orontes (Al-Asi) River
· Objections Directed by Syria and Iraq Towards the Dams Built on the Euphrates River by Turkey
1. Objections Directed Towards the Impounding of the Atatürk Dam
2. Objections to the Construction of the Birecik Dam
· Recent Negotiations Concerning the Euphrates-Tigris Basin between Turkey, Syria and Iraq
1. Negotiations held between 19-20 January 1993
2. Meeting of 17-20 May 1993 Between Turkey and Syria
3. The Meeting held with Iraq on 21 June 1993
4. Notes given by Syria and Iraq on the construction of the Birecik Dam
II. THE ARGUMENTS OF SYRIA AND IRAQ CONCERNING THE EUPHRATES-TIGRIS BASIN AND TURKEY'S VIEWS THEREOF
A. Arguments of Iraq
B. Arguments of Syria
C. Turkey's Views on the Arguments of its Neighbours
III. THE CRITERIA WHICH WOULD SATISFY EACH OF THE THREE COUNTRIES IN ALLOCATING TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS
IV. THE TURKISH NATIONAL POLICY FOR UTILIZING THE WATERS OF EUPHRATES-TIGRIS BASIN (The Three-Staged Plan)
V . INTERNAIONAL CODIFICATION EFFORTS IN THE FIELD OF THE NON-NAVIGATIONAL USE OF TRANSBOUNDARY WATERCOURSES
A. Codification Studies by ILA
B. Codification Studies by ILC
VI. INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES ON TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD
A. The Water Dispute on the Ganges River
B. The Water Dispute between USA and Mexico
C. Disputes Between Mexico and Guatemala
D. The Dispute Between the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Lesotho
E. The Dispute Between Swaziland and the Republic of South Africa
Annexes
Annex I: Maps
Map I : The Euphrates-Tigris Basin
Map II : Southeastern Anatolia Project
Map III : Tharthar Project
Map IV : The Orantes (Al-Asi) Basin
Map V : The Jordan Basin
Annex II: The Helsinki Rules of the International Law Association on The Uses of the Waters of International Waters (1966)
Annex III: Complementary Rules Applicable to International Water Resources adopted by the International Law Association (1986)
Annex IV: Convention On The Law Of The Non-Navigational Uses Of International Watercourses
Annex V: Treaty between the United States of America and Mexico on the Utilization of Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande (1944)
Annex VI: The Treaty Between The Kingdom of Lesotho and the Republic of South Africa Pertaining to the Utilization of the Waters of the Senqu / Orange River System (1986)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BURAYA TABLO KOYULACAK
m3 cubic meters 1m3 1 000 liters
Bm3 Billion cubic meters 1 Bm3 1 000 000 000 m3
Mm3 Million cubic meters 1 Mm3 1 000 000 m3
m3/s cubic meters per second
km kilometers km kilometers
ha hectares ha hectares
HEPP hydroele
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